Direct excitatory synapses between neurons and tumor cells drive brain metastatic seeding of breast cancer and melanoma
Las neuronas y las células cancerosas tienen comunicación sináptica directa en tumores no neuronales, lo que favorece la metástasis y acelera la progresión del cáncer.
El sistema nervioso puede contribuir al desarrollo y progresión de tumores intra y extracraneales a través de varios mecanismos.
Uno de los hallazgos más inesperados fue la formación de sinapsis excitadoras entre neuronas presinápticas y células cancerosas postsinápticas, que se ha informado que estimulan el crecimiento tumoral y la invasión en ciertos tipos de cáncer de origen neural
Este estudio muestra como se forman sinapsis excitadoras entre las neuronas y las células de melanoma metastásico cerebral y de cáncer de mama.
Observaron transitorios de Ca2+ en las primeras etapas de las metástasis cerebrales que podrían reducirse con anestesia, lo que indica que dependen de la actividad neuronal
Profundizando más, utilizaron la electrofisiología para mostrar que estas sinapsis neurona-cáncer mostraron una ultraestructura sináptica genuina y generaron corrientes postsinápticas excitadoras mediadas por receptores de glutamato del subtipo AMPA en las células cancerosas
https://twitter.com/guty2370/status/1746549593397961141
Interactions between neurons and cancer cells are found in many malignancies, but their relevance for metastatic organ colonization remain largely unknown. It is also unclear whether any direct synaptic communication between neurons and cancer cells of non-neural tumor types exists, and if so, whether this can support metastasis and thus cancer progression. Here we show that excitatory synapses are formed between neurons and brain-metastatic melanoma and breast cancer cells. This starts at an early microscopic stage after extravasation into the brain parenchyma, during residence of cancer cells in the perivascular niche, a critical step for their survival. These neuron-cancer synapses showed a bona fide synaptic ultrastructure, and generated excitatory postsynaptic currents mediated by glutamate receptors of the AMPA subtype in cancer cells. In accordance, AMPA receptor signatures were consistently detected in preclinical and patient samples of melanoma and breast cancer brain metastases. Genetic perturbation and pharmacological inhibition of AMPA receptors with the approved antiepileptic drug perampanel in models of breast and melanoma cancer reduced the number of brain metastases and overall brain metastatic burden. These findings demonstrate for the first time that neurons can form biologically relevant direct synapses with non-neural cancer cells. In brain metastasis, a particularly challenging complication of many common malignancies, this non-canonical stimulatory synaptic interaction offers novel therapeutic opportunities.
Competing Interest Statement
F.W. and W.W. report the patent (WO2017020982A1) “Agents for use in the treatment of glioma.” F.W. is co-founder of DC Europa Ltd (a company trading under the name Divide & Conquer) that is developing new medicines for the treatment of glioma. Divide & Conquer also provides research funding to F.W.’s lab under a research collaboration agreement.
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.01.08.574608v1
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